Role predictif des marqueurs de l'activation des neutrophiles dans les complications respiratoires residuelles des pneumonies a SARS-CoV-2

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Placental Morphology and Morphometry: Is It a Prerequisite for Future Pathological Investigations?

Successful pregnancy is dependent on implantation, nutrient and gas exchange, as well as fetal protection from the immunologic attack. Placental pathologies and preterm delivery closely correlate with the size and shape of the placenta. Additionally, normal vaginal microbiota is disturbed during viral insults such as SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, with consequent placental anomalies. This chapter focuses on placental development, morphology, and pathology while also investigating placental bed structure and function. Placental anomalies with regard to HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection and placental morphometric image analysis and its relevance for verification of placental pathology are explored. Since image analysis remains optional for routine diagnostic purposes, authentication of placental appraisal warrants the use of measurable predefined definitions. Immunohistochemical analyses of placental morphology and angiogenic, epithelial, and apoptotic mechanisms facilitate research into etiopathogenetic pathways involved in placental anomalies with a focus on discovering novel diagnostic foci. Thus, image analyses as an adjunct to complement pathological investigations are recommended.

Depressive symptoms in higher education students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. An examination of the association with various social risk factors across multiple high- and middle-income countries.

Higher-education students face substantial risks for developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic or experiencing exacerbated pre-existing depressive symptoms. This study uses data from the COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study, which collected data through a non-representative convenience sample in 125 higher-education institutions (HEI) across 26 high- and middle-income countries (N: 20,103) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the prevalence of depressive symptoms in higher-education students. We find substantial cross-national variation in depressive symptoms, with lowest mean levels established in the Nordic countries and France, while highest mean levels of depressive symptoms were found in Turkey, South Africa, Spain and the USA. Elevated risk for depressive symptoms was found in female students, students with fewer social support resources and in a more disadvantaged socioeconomic position, and students with a migrant background. COVID-19 related stressors, such as reduced social contact, increased financial insecurity, and academic stress explained a relatively larger proportion of the variance in depressive symptoms compared to non-COVID-19 related stressors. This finding shows that not the pandemic itself, but rather the secondary effects of the pandemic relate to students' mental health. Our results enable HEIs to be better equipped to target groups that are particularly at risk during a pandemic.